PMPs
in clinical trials and advanced PMIPs - Research findings first presented
at FinMed 2006, on 30th March 2006 - table as of July 2011. - Being updated
Mar. '14
with
thanks to Professor Julian K-C Ma, Francois Arcand and Dr Ulrich Steiner
- © Brian Marshall, MolecularFarming.com - 2006 ---->
Research findings summary
1] From 1995 - 2006 the total amount of land used
for every PMP trial done outdoors was less than 1200 acres ( an average
US farm)
2] By 2015 - even with 40 approved PMP drugs with $1bn markets
each, land use will be less than 40,000 acres - less than 50 farms.
3] Molecular Farming of PMPs is "pharmaceutical gardening",
and has little in common with food agriculture
4] PMIPs have the potential to have more significant land use than
PMPs, especially in the area of Biofuels.
5] On examination of PMIP products and regulation stage achieved
so far, major growing in the 1,000,000+ acres scale is extremely unlikely
before 2013. ( Molecular Farming of PMIPs will not be comparable to any
major Global food / feed / fibre production in the near term )
During my initial research I have found that PMPs are in development for
almost all major human diseases and conditions, including
Alzheimer's disease , Anthrax, Arthritis , Cancer, Chronic obstructive
pulmonary disorder (COPD), Crohn's disease, Cystic Fibrosis, Diabetes,
Heart Disease, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, HIV, Influenza, Iron deficiency,
Kidney Disease, Measles, Multiple sclerosis, Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma, Obesity,
SARS and Spinal Cord Injuries.
Animal / poultry vaccines and medicines are also in development for diseases
like Avian flu, Coccidiosis, Fowl pest, Parvovirus and Rabies
Plant made
pharmaceuticals - Product status with regard to clinical trials as of
July 11 - being updated March 2014
Company
/ Institution |
Plant
used |
Product |
Indication |
Clinical
Stage Reached |
Meristem
Therapeutics
(liquidated '08) |
Maize |
Gastric lipase
|
Cystic fibrosis
|
Phase 2 (x 2
"unformulated"
and "formulated") |
|
Maize |
Lactoferrin |
Gastrointestinal
disorders |
Phase 1 |
|
Maize |
Collagen |
Reconstructive surgery |
Pre-clinical |
Planet
Biotechnology |
Tobacco |
slgA "CaroRx" |
Prevention of
tooth decay |
Phase 2 but already
granted an
EU licence as a medical device
Seeking EU. distribution partner. |
|
Tobacco |
ICAM1 / Rhinovirus
prophylactic |
receptor for
common cold |
Phase 2 |
Prodigene
|
Maize |
Lt-B vaccine |
Traveller's diarrhoea |
Phase 1 complete
- not ongoing |
(taken
over) |
Maize |
TGE vaccine |
Piglet gastroenteritis |
Phase 1 complete
- not ongoing |
|
Maize |
Avidin |
Diagnostic use |
Available in
Sigma catalogue '07 |
|
Maize |
Trypsin |
Wound care /
insulin
manufacture |
Available in
Sigma catalogue '07 |
|
Maize |
Aprotinin |
Non clinical
use |
No longer in
Sigma catalogue |
|
Maize |
GUS |
Non clinical
use |
No longer in
Sigma catalogue |
LSBC
(bankruptcy 2011) |
Tobacco |
Vaccine |
Non-Hodgkin's
lymphoma |
Phase 1 successful
in 2002 |
|
Tobacco |
Vaccine |
Feline Parvovirus |
"very advanced"
- Status confidential |
|
Tobacco |
Aprotinin |
Non-clinical
use |
Was in Sigma
catalogue in 2005 |
Bayer Innovation |
Tobacco |
Anti-idiotype IgG antibodies |
Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas |
Phase 1 trial
successful in 2013. |
Icon
Genetics -
(divested from Bayer)
|
Tobacco |
Vaccine |
Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
|
Phase 1 trial successful in 2014 |
Arizona
State Univ. |
Potato |
Vaccine |
E.Coli |
Phase 1 |
|
Potato |
Vaccine |
Hepatitis "B" |
Phase 1 |
|
Potato |
Vaccine |
Norwark virus |
Phase 1 |
|
Tobacco |
Vaccine |
Norwark virus |
Phase 1 / 2 |
|
Undisclosed |
Oral Vaccine
|
Undisclosed |
Phase 1 planned
start mid '07 |
Ventria
Biosciences |
Rice |
Lactoferrin |
Infant formula
enhancer |
On sale to
infant formula makers |
|
Rice |
Lactoferrin |
cell culture
media |
Available from
company |
|
Rice |
Lysozyme |
Undisclosed |
Undisclosed |
|
Rice |
Lysozyme |
For research
purposes |
Available from
company |
Biolex
(Bankruptcy 2012) |
Lemna |
Alpha
Interferon |
Hepatitis "B"
& "C"
and Cancer |
Phase 2b ( x2
trials - "480" and
"formulated dose" ) |
|
Lemna |
Recombinant plasmin |
Fibrinolytic
"Clot-buster" |
Phase 1 ready |
|
Lemna |
Anti-CD20 mAb |
Non-Hodgkin's
lymphomas |
Pre-clinical |
Cobento
AS
(formerly Cobento Biotech AS) |
Aribidopsis |
Human
Intrinsic
Factor |
Vitamin B12 deficiency |
Approved Coban
product launched.
Successful 37 patient clinical trial
cGMP production certified |
|
Aribidopsis |
Transcobalamin
|
Diagnostic /
research |
Available from
company |
Dow
Agrisciences |
Plant cell
non-
nicotine
tobacco |
Vaccine |
Newcastle disease
in
poultry |
USDA Approved
in Feb.06 |
|
Plant cell -
tobacco |
Vaccines |
"diseases
of horses,
dogs and birds" |
Undisclosed |
Protalix
|
Carrot cell |
Glucocerebrosidase
|
Gaucher's disease |
FDA approved
May'12 - On Sale |
|
Carrot cell |
Acetylcholinesterase |
Biodefense |
Phase 1 |
|
Carrot cell |
Alpha-galactosidase |
Fabry's Disease |
Pre-clinical |
|
Carrot cell |
Antitumor necrosis factor |
Arthritis |
Pre-Clinical |
Guardian
Biosciences |
Canola |
Edible vaccine |
Coccidiosis in
poultry |
CFIA phase 2 |
/
Nexgen Biotech |
Oriental
Melon |
Thyroid stimulating
hormone receptor |
Diagnosis of
Graves
disease |
Available from
company |
|
Oriental
Melon |
Viral antigens |
Rapid detection
of
Hantaan and Puumala |
Available from
company |
CIGB
(Cuba) |
Tobacco |
Recombinant
Monoclonal (Mab) |
Purification
re-agent in Hep."B" vaccine |
Approved mid
2006 in Cuba |
D.Yusibov
and others |
Spinach |
Vaccine |
Rabies |
Phase 1 successful
in 2002 |
Farmacule
|
Tobacco |
Virtonectin |
Research use |
Available from
company mid 2007 Distribution under negotiation |
NeoRx
/ Monsanto |
Maize |
Antibody |
Cancer |
Phase 2 ( failed)
|
Applied
Biotech.
Institute & partner |
Maize |
Undisclosed |
Undisclosed |
Animal trials
underway |
Sembiosys
(liquidated 2012) |
Safflower |
Insulin |
Diabetes |
Phase 3 |
|
Safflower |
Apolipoprotein AI |
Cardiovascular |
Phase 1 trial
planned |
Chlorogen
& partner |
Tobacco |
a TGF-Beta protein |
Ovarian Cancer |
Advanced animal
trials |
Pharma-planta consortium |
Tobacco |
2G12 IgG |
HIV prophylactic |
Phase 1 |
TransPharma srl |
Tobacco |
ß-Glucosidase |
Gaucher's disease |
Phase 1 |
Plantechno srl |
Tobacco |
ß-Glucosidase |
Gaucher's disease |
Pre-clinical |
|
Rice |
Apo-A1 (Milano) |
Cardiovascular disease |
Preclinical. Patent protection in the USA |
|
Soya |
Lactoferrin |
Infant formula
enhancer |
Preclinical.
|
Agragen |
Flax |
Human serum albumin |
Maintenance of blood plasma pressure |
Pre-clinical |
Medicago
bought by MTPC, Japan
& Philip Morris Invs 2013 |
Tobacco |
Vaccine |
Pandemic
avian flu H5 |
Phase 2 successful
USA/Canada Emergency
Use Authorization 2013
|
|
Tobacco |
Vaccine |
Seasonal quadrivalent
vaccine
H1N1, H3N2 & two B influenza strains |
Phase 1 successful
Phase 2a advanced 2014 |
|
Tobacco |
Vaccine |
Rabies |
Pre-clinical |
|
Tobacco |
Vaccine |
Rotavirus |
Pre-clinical |
|
Tobacco |
Vaccine |
Undisclosed Candidate |
Pre-clinical |
Thomas Jefferson Univ
/ Polish NAS |
Lettuce |
Hepatitis B surface antigen |
Hepatitis B |
Phase 1 |
Intrucept Biomedicine |
Tobacco |
Griffithsin |
Microbicides / Antivirals |
Pre-clinical |
PMIPs - Some
advanced plant made industrial protein products
Company
/ Institution |
Plant
used |
Product
/ purpose |
Development
Stage |
Sembiosis
|
Safflower |
Chymosin |
Being sold to
Cheese manufacturer |
Aresa
(Denmark) |
Thale cress |
Landmine detection |
Successful field
trials. Launch 2007 |
Univ.Wyoming
|
Alfalfa |
Spider silk |
"Spinning
fibre" - Ready to licence |
Linnaeus
(Canada) |
Canola / Rape |
Non-polluting
engine oil
and 2-stroke engine oil |
Tested and proven
at Lab scale. - Ready to licence |
PMIPs - Some
advanced phytoremediation plants
Company
/ Institution |
Plant
used |
Phytoremediation
target / Pollutant |
Development
Stage |
Univ.
California - Berkley |
Mustard |
Selenium |
Successful field
trials |
Hungarian
Acad. Sciences. |
Poplar |
Cadmium Zinc
Chromium Copper |
Awaiting field
trial permission |
AIST
Japan |
Tobacco |
BPA, PCP and
other Chlorophenols |
Early field
trials |
Peking
Univ. Collage of Life |
Tobacco
and Algae |
Heavy metals
especially Mercury |
Awaiting field
trial permission |
Univ.
of York (England) |
Tobacco |
TNT and RDX Explosive |
Early trial |
PMIPs - Some
advanced plant made industrial enzymes
Company
/ Institution |
Plant
used |
Product
/ purpose |
Development
Stage |
Applied
Biotechnology Institute |
Maize |
Peroxidase -
paper bleaching |
Product verification
trials completed -
Available to licence |
|
Maize |
Laccase - paper
bleaching |
Product verification
trials completed -
Available to licence |
|
Maize |
Cellulase - Ethanol
production |
Product verification
trials completed -
Available to licence |
|
Maize |
Embryo specific promoters |
3 different
types -
Available to licence |
|
Maize |
Constitutive promoter |
Available to licence |
|
Maize |
Scoreable/Selectable
marker |
Available to licence |
Syngenta |
Maize |
High a-amylase
for non-food
non-feed Ethanol production |
USDA approved
- Feb 2011 |
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Proteins from Plants: Methods & Protocols - 2008. editors Loic Faye &
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- currently the best, most up to date book on Molecular Farming
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